October 23, 2006

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Fear in the Streets

By Marissa Revilla

“Above all, I was terrified. I felt helpless. To lose of control over what you do or don’t want, to be overpowered like that, it’s an incredibly impotent feeling,” said *Anna, an educator from San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas. She was 26 when an evening walk to a friend’s house in the city center changed her life forever. Two blocks from her destination, a man approached her, asking for directions. In that moment, he pulled out a pistol and forced her into a car, threatening to kill her. That night, she was gang-raped by a group of men. *Anna began the legal process but then decided to withdraw the charges in order to skip the red tape and instead focus on her personal recovery.

Recently, the Special Commission on the Investigations of Feminicides (the murders of women) in Mexico found that two to three sexual crimes occur every day in San Cristóbal de las Casas. Police issued one hundred forty three arrest warrants for rapes committed in San Cristóbal between the years 2000 and 2004. But arrests were made in only 12.2 percent of these cases, meaning that nine of every ten rapes reported went unsolved.

No Mas Ataques Sexuales En Las Calles

"[Rape cases] will be shelved," said lawyer Rosario Arrambide, of the Womens’ Rights Center in San Cristóbal. "The woman's word isn't valued enough, and people consider [rape] to be something natural and ordinary, not violence," she said.

"The judicial system should provide better attention to women,” she said, adding that women who report rapes to the authorities bear the burden of proof. Women must provide witnesses and prove that violence or intimidation occurred. They are often asked to submit to gynecological exams, even when enough time has passed since the attack to render the results invalid. "Deep down, I knew that they wouldn’t detain him, because the odds of that happening are really slim," said one woman, 32, who was attacked on her way to work one morning last September by a man who tried to rape her and threatened to kill her. After the crime, she decided to file police report because she wanted to draw attention to the problem of violence against women. Eventually, however, she decided not to pursue the case. She believes that the judicial system isn’t committed to stopping the violence, and that the police don’t adequately investigate, protect crime scenes, or follow-up with witnesses. As far as the investigation goes, she said, "I burned out. I still haven't presented my witnesses. I know it's not going to do any good."

Azuri Curioca Curioca, Legal Coordinator of Citizen Protection, said that police recognize that rape and sexual violence is a problem but lack the resources and infrastructure to solve it. He blames the overpopulation of the city and a lack of police officers. "An agreement needs to be made between all levels of government to attend to this situation, because this problem is growing,"he said.

In 2005, the State Special Prosecutors created a task force to attend to sexual crimes and domestic violence. "While there should be special attention to these crimes," said Rocío García Cardenas, a lawyer with La Morada, a center of attention for domestic violence surviors operated by the Mercedes Olivera Feminist Collective (COFEMO), "we're not really seeing a difference. The change has to be structural, and with the full participation and support of authorities."

Juan de Dios Olvera Rojas, Special Prosecutor in Los Altos, the highlands region which includes San Cristóbal de las Casas, sees things differently. "The task force is certainly having a positive effect," he said . Olvera Rojas says that 35 rapes have been reported so far in 2006 in Los Altos. "Every single one has been resolved"he said.

One problem authorities face, said Olvera Rojas, is that Mexico lacks a "culture of denouncement." A high percentage of rapes are not reported, and too many of survivors of sexual and family violence who start the legal process don’t follow through for emotional and economic reasons. Many bruised and battered woman comes to his office to file a complaint of spousal abuse, only to return a few days later and withdraw the charges. "The husband buys her an ear of corn and takes her for a spin in the city square and, two or three days later, she's pregnant again,"he said.

While a more efficient judicial system and better-trained police officers would help, Olvera Rojas said that violence against women is a cultural problem, one that will only be solved through education. He urges the public to do their part by reporting crimes anonymously on police hotlines. Meanwhile, he says that his staff is committed to helping survivors of sexual and domestic violence, by treating them with "the quality and warmth that they deserve."

Despite these efforts, many women walk the streets of San Cristóbal in fear. A telephone survey of local women conducted by at least five local social organizations and citizens in 2004 found that 77 percent of the 380 women interviewed had experienced violence in the streets. Harassment, gropes, and threats were the most common offenses. The majority of women interviewed said that they felt helpless and were afraid to walk alone in the streets. Interviewers noted that many of the women they spoke with dismissed violence against women as inevitable and natural, a daily occurrence.

"Violence isn't natural. It' something that can and must be changed" said Guadalupe Cárdenas, coordinator of COFEMO In her opinion, when there is aggression against women, many refuse to name it as part of a systemic problem by saying that rapists and murderers are psychopaths or mentally ill. That isn't true, she said. "Many times, a man decides that he wants to have sexual relations, so he just goes out to the street knowing that he can take any woman that he wants against her will. He knows it's highly unlikely that he'll be punished," Cárdenas said.

For Martha Figueroa, a feminist lawyer in San Crist&oacutebal, reporting sexual crimes is the only way to stop them. "If we stay quiet, we are accomplices in the violence against and murders of women," she said.


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